电催化醇选择性氧化为醛酮的研究进展

醇选择性氧化为相应的羰基化合物是有机化学中最常用的生成羰基化合物的反应,电催化氧化具有反应条件温和、环境友好等优点,是一种非常有前途的醇催化氧化绿色生产工艺。本文综述了直接和间接电催化氧化反应的方法,并对各类体系的催化效果进行了简要介绍。     

Magnetic and dielectric response of M-type barium hexaferrite

Barium hexaferrite (BaFe₁₂O₁₉) is a promising candidate for ceramics, microwave devices and numerous applications. Barium hexaferrite was synthesised via the sol-gel auto-combustion technique using glycine fuel. The X-ray diffraction technique confirmed the hexagonal structure of the particles with space group P63/mmc. The morphological analysis was performed using the field-emission scanning microscope, and the images displayed the plate-like particle formation. Transmission electron microscopy was employed to determine the average particle size of the sample, which was estimated to be 155.93 nm. The magnetic studies were taken through the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) at 300 K, with which the saturation magnetization (M_s), coercivity (H_c), squareness ratio (M_r/M_s), and energy product (BH_max) was calculated, and the particles were validated to be in single domain arrangement. The dielectric properties were investigated through the LCR meter. Koop and Maxwell-Wagner's model was used to interpret charge conduction and the occurrence of relaxations in the system.     

Facile synthesis of silver doped-copper oxide nano materials utilizing areca catechu (AC) leaf extract and their antidiabetic and anticancer studies

The present research highlights physical significance of green combination of metal oxide nanomaterials utilizing medicinal plant which has widely analyzed in different medical applications i.e., medicinal science, therapeutics. In this paper, we discussed environmentally benign approach for synthesizing silver doped copper oxide nanoparticles (Ag–CuO NPs) utilizing (ACLE). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were utilized to confirm the size, crystalline structure and surface morphology of the obtained nanomaterials. The monoclinic crystalline structure of the Ag–CuO NPs as produced was revealed by XRD patterns. Morphological analysis disclosed the nano-based spherical configuration of Ag–CuO NPs, as well as their morphology and elemental composition. The anti-diabetic effect of Ag–CuO NPs was further investigated utilizing a yeast cell model and amylase inhibition. Here, a decrease in intracellular glucose and a delay in carbohydrate digestion indicate promising antidiabetic action. Furthermore, the prepared nanomaterial showed anticancer potential against the MCF-7 cancer cell line, with an IC ₅₀ value of 11.21 g/ml.     

手性炔丙醇的不对称催化合成研究进展

手性炔丙醇是一种重要中间体化合物,作为合成多种光学活性化合物的重要合成前体受到学者们广泛关注。目前通过酮的不对称催化反应合成手性炔丙醇的研究开发具有极大发展前景,因此本文围绕酮类化合物的不对称催化反应来进行综述,结合相关反应最新研究进展,全面总结并分类了不对称催化还原、催化不对称加成等反应类型,介绍了合成不同结构手性炔丙醇的新思路,并对酮的不对称催化反应在未来能成为工业化重要生产途径作出展望。     

Catalytic Reduction of Oximes to Hydroxylamines: Current Methods,Challenges and Opportunities

Catalytic reduction of oximes represents a direct efficient approach to synthesize valuable hydroxylamine derivatives. However this transformation presents significant challenges: oximes are hard to reduce and, if reactive, reductive cleavage of the weak N−O bond often leads to primary amine side products. The first suitable systems involved the use of platinum-based heterogeneous catalysts with hydrogen as reductant and stoichiometric amounts of a strong Brønsted acid. More recently metal-free and transition-metal-based homogeneous catalysts have been developed, which display the highest turnovers (up to 4000). In the asymmetric variants, the E/Z-geometry of the oxime double bond affects significantly the stereoselectivity, sometimes requiring extra synthetic efforts in substrate preparation. This minireview provides an overview of the advances and limitations in catalytic oxime to hydroxylamine reduction. Emphasis is put on highlighting and comparing the practical aspects of the existing methods, such as their reaction conditions and substrate scope. Additionally, future directions for improving this young research area are suggested.     

Late-Stage Modification of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics Overcomes Bacterial Resistance Mediated by APH(3’) Kinases

The continuous emergence of antimicrobial resistance is causing a threat to patients infected by multidrug-resistant pathogens. In particular, the clinical use of aminoglycoside antibiotics, broad-spectrum antibacterials of last resort, is limited due to rising bacterial resistance. One of the major resistance mechanisms in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria is phosphorylation of these amino sugars at the 3’-position by O-phosphotransferases [APH(3’)s]. Structural alteration of these antibiotics at the 3’-position would be an obvious strategy to tackle this resistance mechanism. However, the access to such derivatives requires cumbersome multi-step synthesis, which is not appealing for pharma industry in this low-return-on-investment market. To overcome this obstacle and combat bacterial resistance mediated by APH(3’)s, we introduce a novel regioselective modification of aminoglycosides in the 3’-position via palladium-catalyzed oxidation. To underline the effectiveness of our method for structural modification of aminoglycosides, we have developed two novel antibiotic candidates overcoming APH(3’)s-mediated resistance employing only four synthetic steps.     

Solar Driven Gas Phase Advanced Oxidation Processes for Methane Removal - Challenges and Perspectives

Methane (CH₄) is a potent greenhouse gas and the second highest contributor to global warming. CH₄ emissions are still growing at an alarmingly high pace. To limit global warming to 1.5 °C, one of the most effective strategies is to reduce rapidly the CH₄ emissions by developing large-scale methane removal methods. The purpose of this perspective paper is threefold. (1) To highlight the technology gap dealing with low concentration CH₄ (at many emission sources and in the atmosphere). (2) To analyze the challenges and prospects of solar-driven gas phase advanced oxidation processes for CH₄ removal. And (3) to propose some ideas, which may help to develop solar-driven gas phase advanced oxidation processes and make them deployable at a climate significant scale.     

柠檬酸配合法制备CuMnCeOx催化剂及常温催化氧化性能研究

摘要：常温催化氧化是消除室内HCHO污染最可行的方法之一,其中以过渡金属氧化物为代表的催化剂因性能优异、成本低廉而备受广泛关注。采用柠檬酸络合法和水热法制备了一系列CuMnCeOx催化剂,研究考察制备方法及载体对催化剂氧化性能的影响,并利用XRD、SEM、BET、H2-TPR、XPS和IR等对催化剂进行微观表征与分析。研究发现,制备方法及载体类型对催化剂的表面结构形貌、氧化性能产生显著影响,其中采用柠檬酸络合法所制的CuMnCeOx-C催化剂性能最佳,48h的HCHO去除率达98.6%,完全满足GB50325-2001标准要求,其介孔结构,晶体粒径及所形成的铈基铜锰固溶体均利于形成大量氧空位及催化氧化反应,且展示出良好的抗水蒸气和稳定性能,其在常温催化氧化VOCs方面具有重要应用前景。     

Modelling Turbulent Premixed Combustion Using the Level Set Approach for Reynolds Averaged Models

A model for premixed turbulent combustion is investigated using a RANS-approach. The evolution of the flame front is described in terms of the G-equation. The numerical instabilities of the G-field are resolved using a reinitialisation procedure. For the G-points near the flame surface an algorithm proposed by Russo and Smereka [1] and modificated by Düsing [2] is presented. For all other points the standard Sussman algorithm is employed. Fluid properties are conditioned on the flame front position using a burnt-unburnt probability function across the flame front. Computations are performed using the code FASTEST-3D [3] which is a flow solver for a non-orthogonal, block-structured grid. The computational examples include two test cases, the first containing the propagation of two circular merging flames and the second one containing the simulation of the ORACLES-burner [4].     

CARBON NANOTUBES VIA METHANE DECOMPOSITION ON AN ALUMINA SUPPORTED COBALT AEROGEL CATALYST

An alumina-supported cobalt aerogel catalyst prepared from a sol-gel and a supercritical drying method was used in the catalytic decomposition of methane.The physical-chemical properties of the catalyst were characterized and its activity for methane decomposition was investigated.The effects of calcination and reaction temperatures on the activity of the catalyst and the morphology of the carbon nanotubes produced were discussed.A COAl2O4 spinel structure formed in the calcined catalyst.The quantity of the nanotubes produced in the reaction increases with the amount of cobalt in the reduced catalyst.A higher reaction temperature leads to a higher reaction rate,though faster deactivation of the catalyst occurs with the change.The carbon nanotubes grown on the catalyst have smooth walls and uniform diameter distribution.